Keto Diet: A Complete List of What to Eat and Avoid, Plus a 7-Day Sample Menu

You may be thinking about trying an eating plan like the ketogenic diet. It’s an eating pattern that’s low in carbs and high in fats, with a moderate amount of protein.
Ketogenic diets aim to drive your body into a metabolic state called ketosis, when the body starts burning stored fat as a source of energy instead of carbohydrates, says Stacey Mattinson, RDN, who is based in Austin, Texas. Once you’ve adjusted your food intake to get there, your body can enter a state of ketosis in one to three days, she says.
Potential Benefits to Know Before Starting the Ketogenic Diet
Typically, a ketogenic diet is considered in three primary circumstances: to treat epilepsy (in the case of the classic ketogenic diet), to help stabilize blood sugar and aid weight loss in type 2 diabetes management, and to generally support weight loss, says Mattinson.
Another thing to keep in mind: The potential benefits of keto discussed here are for the standard ketogenic diet, not other spins on the keto diet, such as the cyclical ketogenic diet or the targeted ketogenic diet.
Keto and Diabetes
Mattinson called research on the keto diet’s ability to support blood sugar management in people with diabetes “promising.”
“A ketogenic diet may cause a reduction in A1C — a key test for diabetes that measures a person’s average blood sugar control over two to three months — something that may help you reduce medication use,” she says.
If you have type 2 diabetes, talk with your doctor or a registered dietitian before attempting a ketogenic diet, especially if you have other risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure. The doctor or registered dietitian may recommend a different weight loss diet for you that may improve your blood sugar levels, such as a reduced-calorie diet.
Keto and Weight Loss
Are you looking to lower your body fat percentage? You’ve probably heard that the keto diet can help — and that it can have a big effect on your weight right away. There may be some truth to that notion, although how much weight you lose will vary by individual.
“Ketogenic diets will cause you to lose weight within the first week,” says Mattinson.
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What Is the Keto Diet?
Ketogenic Diet Risks
- Digestive issues, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Dehydration
- Vitamin or mineral deficiencies
- Low intake of beneficial fiber and calcium
- Optic neuropathy
- Anemia
- Cardiomyopathy
- Kidney stones
- Osteoporosis
- Increased blood levels of uric acid
- Increase in LDL (“bad”) cholesterol
- A greater risk of heart issues in people with type 2 diabetes
- Ketoacidosis, in people following the keto diet for type 2 diabetes or people who are breastfeeding
But long-term studies in humans are limited and some research is mixed, so researchers don’t know whether all of these side effects would definitively occur in people over time.
“Studies show that weight loss results from being on a low-carb diet for more than 12 months tend to be the same as being on a normal, healthy diet,” says Mattinson.
Because people often find this diet tough to sustain, it may be better to think of it as a short-term diet than as a long-term lifestyle. Before starting, ask yourself what is really realistic for you, Mattinson suggests.
Then, get your doctor’s approval. You may also work with a registered dietitian nutritionist to limit potential vitamin and mineral deficiencies and talk about supplements, since you won’t be eating a lot of whole grains, dairy, or fruit, and you’ll eliminate certain veggies.
“A diet that eliminates entire food groups is a red flag to me. That isn’t something to take lightly or dive into headfirst with no medical supervision,” Mattinson says.
Tips for Creating Your Ketogenic Meal Plan
If you’ve decided to move forward with trying the keto diet, you will want to stick to the parameters of the eating plan.
You’ll eat animal proteins, fats, and oils (such as olive oil), and some nonstarchy or low-carb veggies, Mattinson says. You should aim for a moderate daily protein intake — about 1 gram (g) per kilogram (kg) of body weight. A kilogram is equal to about 2.2 pounds (lb). So a person who weighs 140 lb, for example, would need about 64 g of protein per day.
As for total carb intake, everyone is different, “but most people maintain ketosis with between 20 and 50 g of net carbs per day,” says Mattinson. Total carbohydrates minus fiber equals net carbs, she says. Typically, sugar alcohols are also subtracted.
One thing to remember: “It’s easy to get ‘kicked out’ of ketosis,” says Mattinson. Meaning, if you eat something as small as a serving of blueberries, your body could exit that metabolic state, stop producing ketone bodies, and revert to burning carbohydrates for fuel rather than fat.
A Complete Food Guide to Follow
Wondering what fits into a ketogenic diet and what doesn’t?
If you have ever tried one of the many low-carb diets out there (the Atkins diet being another popular option), you’ve had a preview, in terms of needing to cut back on those starchy or other obviously high carb foods (think packaged cookies, cakes, crackers, potato chips, and the like).
The difference here is you’ll also be loading up on fats — probably more than you’re used to.
“It’s so important to know what foods you’ll be eating before you start, and how to incorporate more fats into your diet,” says Kristen Mancinelli, RD, the author of The Ketogenic Diet: The Scientifically Proven Approach to Fast, Healthy Weight Loss, who is based in New York City. If you are considering taking supplements, check with your doctor or a registered dietitian first.
Mancinelli shares her guidance on choosing nutritious foods for keto.
Protein
Eat
- Beef (preferably grass-fed, if that’s available)
- Fish, especially fatty fish like salmon
- Chicken
- Eggs
- Bacon
Avoid
Though potentially high in fat, these protein sources can also contain too many carbs. They may also contain a lot of sodium, which may raise blood pressure levels.
- Cold cuts with added sugar (always check the label)
- Meat that has been marinated in sugary or salty sauces
- Fish or chicken nuggets (or any breaded foods)
Oil and Fats
Eat
- Avocado oil
- Olive oil
- Sunflower oil
- Safflower oil
- Corn oil
- Coconut oil
- Butter and cream
Avoid
- Trans fats, possibly including margarine (check the nutrition label to be sure!)
Fruits and Veggies
Eat
- Avocado (also high in healthy monounsaturated fat and low in saturated fat)
- Leafy greens like spinach and arugula
- Celery
- Asparagus
- Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower
These are also great choices, but you’ll still need to count how many carbs they contain.
- Leeks
- Spaghetti squash
- Eggplant
- Raspberries
- Lemon
- Tomatoes
Avoid
- Potatoes
- Corn
- Raisins and dried fruit
Nuts and Seeds
Eat
- Walnuts
- Almonds
- Cashews
- Pistachios
- Pecans
- Flaxseed and chia seeds
- Nut butter (unsweetened)
Avoid
- Trail mixes with dried fruit
- Sweetened nut or seed butters
- Chocolate-covered nuts
Dairy Products
Eat
- Blue cheese
- Feta
- Parmesan
- Cream cheese
- Full-fat cottage cheese
- Full-fat plain Greek yogurt
- Full-fat ricotta
- Cheddar
Avoid
- Milk
- Sweetened nonfat yogurt
- Ice cream
- Processed cheese (American cheese)
Sweeteners
Eat
You should always practice moderation with sweeteners. If you’ve tried other low-carb diets, this aspect of the keto diet probably won’t be surprising.
- Some artificial sweeteners and natural sugar substitutes, such as stevia
- Sugar alcohols, such as erythritol and xylitol
Avoid
- Agave
- Honey
- Maple syrup
- White and brown sugars
Condiments and Sauces
Eat
- Guacamole
- Mayonnaise (ensure that there’s no sugar added)
- Raw garlic
- Tomato sauce (look for products with no added sugar)
- Balsamic vinegar
Avoid
These may be high in sugar, often in the form of high-fructose corn syrup, so it’s best to avoid them while following the keto diet.
- Barbecue sauce
- Ketchup
- Honey mustard
Drinks
Drink
- Water
- Unsweetened almond milk, soy milk, and pea protein milk
- Bone broth
- Unsweetened tea
- Black coffee
- Unsweetened carbonated water (limit only if bubbles make you bloated)
- Diet soda
- Zero-calorie drinks
- Some alcohol (vodka, tequila, rum, gin, whiskey, dry wine, low-carb beer, low-carb alcoholic seltzers)
Avoid
These are no-nos on all low-carb diets.
- Soda
- Fruit juice
- Lemonade
- Some alcohol (regular beer, sweet wine, and sugary alcoholic beverages with soda, fruit juice, or tonics)
Herbs and Spices
Eat
All herbs and spices fit in a keto or low-carbohydrate diet, but if you’re using large amounts, Mancinelli recommends counting the carbs. Just note than ground ginger, garlic powder, and onion powder may contain some carbs.
- Salt (salt foods to taste only, to avoid raising blood pressure levels)
- Pepper
- Herbs like thyme or oregano
- Spices like paprika and cayenne
- Ground ginger
- Garlic powder
- Onion powder
Avoid
No herbs and spices are off-limits; they’re generally allowed in small amounts to add flavor to foods.
Supplements
Consider taking
- Fiber
- Multivitamin
Mancinelli says she has no recommendation about taking or avoiding it.
A Detailed Ketogenic Diet Food List to Follow
The following are some of the best foods to eat on the keto diet, along with their serving sizes and an explanation of why they’re good for people who follow this eating approach.
Avocado Oil
Coconut Oil (in Moderation)
MCT Oil
Per 1 tbsp: 130 calories, 0 g net carbs, 0 g protein, 14 g fat, in the oil sold by Carrington Farms
Cheddar
Heavy Cream (in Moderation)
Bacon
Benefits: The green light on bacon may be one reason you’re up for sticking with a keto diet, as it can make eating occasions more enticing. Just watch the sodium content, which can add up quickly and certainly won’t help with lowering blood pressure. And as with all the meats on this list, don’t go overboard — you don’t want to eat too much protein (or saturated fat) on keto.
Chicken Thighs
Eggs
Ground Beef
New York Strip Steak
Asparagus
Avocado
Bok Choy
Cauliflower
Celery
Cucumber
Green Peppers
Lettuce
White Mushrooms
Zucchini
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A 7-Day Sample Menu for the Keto Diet
Day 1
Breakfast Scrambled eggs in olive oil on a bed of lettuce topped with avocado
Snack Sunflower seeds
Lunch Spinach salad with grilled salmon
Snack Celery and pepper strips dipped in guacamole
Dinner Pork chop with cauliflower mash and red cabbage slaw
Day 2
Breakfast Bulletproof coffee (made with butter and coconut oil), hard-boiled eggs
Snack Macadamia nuts
Lunch Tuna salad stuffed in tomatoes
Snack Roast beef and sliced cheese roll-ups
Dinner Meatballs on zucchini noodles, topped with cream sauce
Day 3
Breakfast Cheese-and-veggie omelet topped with salsa
Snack Plain, full-fat Greek yogurt topped with crushed pecans
Lunch Sashimi takeout with miso soup
Snack Smoothie made with almond milk, greens, almond butter, and protein powder
Dinner Roasted chicken with asparagus and sautéed mushrooms
Day 4
Breakfast Smoothie made with almond milk, greens, almond butter, and protein powder
Snack Two hard-boiled eggs
Lunch Chicken tenders made with almond flour on a bed of greens with cucumbers and goat cheese
Snack Sliced cheese and bell pepper slices
Dinner Grilled shrimp topped with a lemon butter sauce, with a side of asparagus
Day 5
Breakfast Fried eggs with bacon and a side of greens
Snack A handful of walnuts with a quarter cup of raspberries
Lunch Grass-fed burger in a lettuce “bun” topped with avocado and a side salad
Snack Celery sticks dipped in almond butter
Dinner Baked tofu with cauliflower rice, broccoli, and peppers, topped with a homemade peanut sauce
Day 6
Breakfast Baked eggs in avocado cups
Snack Kale chips
Lunch Poached salmon avocado rolls wrapped in seaweed (rice-free)
Snack Meat-based snack bar (turkey or pork)
Dinner Grilled beef kebabs with peppers and sautéed broccolini
Day 7
Breakfast Eggs scrambled with veggies, topped with salsa
Snack Dried seaweed strips and cheese
Lunch Sardine salad made with mayo in half an avocado
Snack Turkey jerky (look for no added sugars)
Dinner Broiled trout with butter, with sautéed bok choy
How to Follow the Keto Diet on a Budget
Avocados, nuts, and other unprocessed foods can break the bank, especially if they are not already part of your budget. But you can follow a few hacks to cut down on costs while following the keto diet.
For example, to follow keto on a budget, you can:
- Plan meals in advance so you buy only what you need.
- Buy frozen veggies.
- Buy nuts in bulk.
- Choose lower-priced cuts of meat.
- Shop at bargain grocery stores, if available to you.
Snacks: Which Are the Best Options?
Snacking on the keto diet can be tricky, because the usual go-tos (think chips, crackers, and granola bars) are off-limits. Starchier whole foods that are usually considered healthy, such as bananas, won’t fly either because of their higher carb count.
Many people find that they are not as hungry on the keto diet because of how filling fat can be. But even if you don’t think of yourself as a snacker, you’ll want to keep keto-friendly options on hand (in your purse or backpack and in your office desk) in case hunger strikes.
Some nuts, certain meats, and cheese — all high-fat, low-carb eats — are approved snacks on the keto diet. (Check out the food list earlier in this article for the specifics.)
Companies are creating their own specialty products that take the guesswork out of macronutrient counting, and some have even tried to mimic favorite snack foods that are typically high in carbs, such as candy or potato chips.
But these options are generally highly processed, so it’s important to keep them to a minimum and stick to whole foods as much as possible when you snack.
Keto Fast-Food and Restaurant Options Are More Available Than You May Think
It’s unrealistic to think you’re going to cook every meal, every day, when you’re on the keto diet. Fortunately, a growing number of restaurants are offering healthy options to provide meal ideas that fit in keto diets — and some have even hopped on the keto bandwagon officially.
Take Chipotle, which now offers the Keto Salad Bowl, complete with carnitas, guacamole, tomatillo red chile salsa, and cheese. Plus, with bunless burger options galore at fast-food chains across the United States, dining out on keto doesn’t have to be rocket science.
Still, you might want to do a little research before an upcoming road trip or night out. Same goes if you know you’re not going to have as much time for meal prep on a certain week and know you’ll have to hit the drive-through.
When it comes to ordering, the same general rules you’d use to build keto meals apply: Steer clear of carb-heavy foods like buns, tortillas, rice, and breaded meats. When in doubt, opt for a salad with nonstarchy veggies, cheese, avocado, and an olive oil dressing.
If you aren’t a salad fan, rest assured that you have numerous other options at your disposal when ordering fast food on the keto diet.
10 Websites Where You Can Find Ketogenic Diet Recipes
There are plenty of keto Instagram accounts, blogs, and books you can browse for ketogenic diet recipes. And when you find a recipe you like, you can use an app like Senza to count macros easily so you can stay on track.
These keto websites can offer a good starting point when building your meal plan:
10 Great Keto Cookbooks for Low-Carb, High-Fat Recipe Inspiration
Cooking meals at home will be essential for making sure you are sticking with the right macronutrient ratios in this restrictive diet.
Here are some cookbooks you can turn to for keto recipes.
- Keto: The Complete Guide to Success on the Ketogenic Diet, Including Simplified Science and No-Cook Meal Plans, by Maria Emmerich and Craig Emmerich
- The Easy 5-Ingredient Ketogenic Diet Cookbook: Low-Carb, High-Fat Recipes for Busy People on the Keto Diet, by Jen Fisch
- Simply Keto: A Practical Approach to Health & Weight Loss, With 100+ Easy Low-Carb Recipes, by Suzanne Ryan
- The Keto Diet: The Complete Guide to a High-Fat Diet, With More Than 125 Delectable Recipes and 5 Meal Plans to Shed Weight, Heal Your Body, and Regain Confidence, by Leanne Vogel
- The Complete Ketogenic Diet for Beginners: Your Essential Guide to Living the Keto Lifestyle, by Amy Ramos
- The Keto Reset Diet: Reboot Your Metabolism in 21 Days and Burn Fat Forever, by Mark Sisson and Brad Kearns
- The Ketogenic Diet: A Scientifically Proven Approach to Fast, Healthy Weight Loss, by Kristen Mancinelli
- Ketogenic Diet: The Step by Step Guide for Beginners: Ketogenic Diet for Beginners: Optimal Path for Weight Loss, by Jamie Ken Moore
- Ketogenic Diet Cookbook: 500 Ketogenic Diet Recipes to Cook at Home, by Emily Willis
- The Keto Crock Pot Cookbook: Quick and Easy Ketogenic Crock Pot Recipes for Smart People, by Loretta Wagner
FAQ
First things first: Get a registered dietitian who understands your health and weight loss goals, ideally someone who understands how keto works. They will likely suggest gradually incorporating more nutritious foods, and fewer high-carb ones, into your diet — and encourage you to drink plenty of water along the way.
Fruit is nature’s candy, and you’ll be glad to hear certain types are allowed on the keto diet, when eaten in moderation. Fruits you can eat on keto include avocados, blackberries, raspberries, and lemons. The trick is aiming for a low amount of net carbs, which you can calculate by taking total carbs and subtracting fiber and sugar alcohols.
Let’s start with the dietary restrictions: Soda, fruit juice, and fruity smoothies aren’t allowed on keto because they contain too many carbs. Plain water, unsweetened seltzer, plain or bulletproof coffee, nut milk, bone broth, and regular water are fair game. Certain types of alcohol, in moderation, along with certain kinds of kombucha, may fit in your plan, too.
As with any meal on keto, breakfast requires thought and planning. Granola bars, cereal, and toast are no-nos. And you shouldn’t resort to eating eggs and bacon every day, tempted as you may be to do so. Breakfast foods you can feel good about eating on keto include chia seed pudding, and cauliflower hash browns. Yum!
Resources We Trust
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- Mayo Clinic: How to Make the Keto Diet Healthy
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- Charlie Foundation for Ketogenic Therapies: Ketogenic Diet Explained
- Charlie Foundation for Ketogenic Therapies: Keto Diet Calculator
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Reyna Franco, RDN
Medical Reviewer
Reyna Franco, RDN, is a New York City–based dietitian-nutritionist, certified specialist in sports dietetics, and certified personal trainer. She is a diplomate of the American Col...

Jessica Migala
Author
Jessica Migala is a freelance writer with over 15 years of experience, specializing in health, nutrition, fitness, and beauty. She has written extensively about vision care, diabet...