How to Maximize Women’s Sexual Health at Any Age

More Pleasure, Less Pain: Maintaining Your Sexual Health at Any Age

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We’ve come a long way with talking openly and sharing information about women’s sexual health. Compared with just a few decades ago, girls and women seem to feel less ashamed about carrying period products. Middle-aged women can more-easily identify the symptoms of perimenopause. And older women are discussing on social media how to enjoy an active sex life after menopause.

This is so necessary, because even though our lady parts bring us pleasure and literal life, they’re also susceptible to many changes, complications, illnesses, and injuries. But women (and all people with vulvas) can take steps to protect their sexual health at every stage of life. Broadly speaking, that means avoiding infections and enjoying sex and intimacy without pain. I spoke to doctors, sex therapists, and a pelvic-floor physical therapist to learn what that entails. They shared their favorite over-the-counter products and explained when it’s important to see a healthcare professional.

“You should be doing annual pelvic exams, regardless of your age,” says Ilana Grines, a Los Angeles–based licensed marriage and family therapist, certified sex therapist, and founder of Daily Therapy Dose. “You should be doing STI testing, regardless of your relationship status. And then the easiest thing we could tell every single human is to learn about [their] own anatomy, and that requires a mirror. We learn a lot from actually looking at ourselves and understanding what we're working with.”

When to Consult a Doctor

It’s important to visit your ob-gyn or family doctor at least once a year for screenings and preventive care starting between the ages of 13 and 15. That’s a good idea even though the current guidance for pap smears is to get one every three years (except for high-risk individuals), and some forms of birth control like an IUD mean you don’t need to get new prescriptions every few months. In addition to discussing birth control, fertility, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections, you should talk with your doctor about:

  • Urinary tract infections
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Pain during or after sex
  • Decreased libido
  • Pelvic floor dysfunction (leaking bladder, frequent urination, pain)

Preventing Infections and Unintended Pregnancy

From puberty on, it’s important to learn how to protect yourself from infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and unwanted pregnancies. These are the main focus of patients in their teens and twenties, says Alyssa Dweck, MD, a board-certified gynecologist based in New York City and the chief medical officer at Bonafide Health. In-person ob-gyn visits are recommended for health screenings, and they’re a convenient way to get prescriptions for birth control and antibiotics for urinary tract infections. But if appointments are hard to come by when you need fast treatment, know that several telehealth options offer prescription services.

Zazzee USDA Organic Cranberry 25-1 Extract

Zazzee Organic Cranberry

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are another common ailment. They also happen in children and men, but it’s people with vulvas between the ages of 16 and 35 who get them the most. One reason is that they have short urethras, and sex can expose the urethra to bacteria from the rectal area and vagina.

Managing a UTI requires a doctor’s visit (though sometimes just a virtual one will suffice), along with a prescription for antibiotics. Without treatment, a UTI can lead to serious complications, such as kidney damage.

 Fortunately, you can take some steps to help prevent UTIs. “Number one, don't hold it [urine] in all day long; go as often as you feel like you need to go,” Dr. Dweck says. “Number two, hydrate really well, because hydration will help to flush out the urinary tract. Number three, urinate after sex.”
“I'll often recommend a cranberry concentrated supplement [for people prone to recurrent UTIs],” Dweck says. “Cranberry is known to acidify the urine and also make the bladder and urethra more slippery to E. coli, the bacteria that most commonly cause UTIs for women.”

 Zazzee’s cranberry extract is USDA-certified organic and third-party lab-tested. You also only need to take one easy-to-swallow capsule to get a 500-milligram (mg) serving.
onecondoms PremiumPleasures

ONE Premium Pleasures Condoms Variety Pack

When it comes to birth control and STI prevention, we have a lot more choices than we used to. Which option you choose is a matter of personal preference, but size is an important factor in condoms. For your own safety, you may want to have multiple sizes available if you have multiple partners.

“Large condoms can be baggy and slip off and defeat the purpose,” says Eve Hall, a physical therapist, owner of Inspire Health Physical Therapy and Wellness in Wellington, Florida, and host of the podcast Please Me! “A condom that is too tight can easily break, thus causing an uncomfortable moment in the bedroom.”

This 24-pack of condoms contains six types of vegan latex condoms, including ultra-thin, textured, and extra-lubricated varieties. The brand also makes custom-fit condoms with 52 size options. Shamyra Howard, PhD, LCSW, recommends this brand to her clients. She’s a sex therapist at We-Vibe who’s earned certification from the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists (AASECT), and she has a private practice in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

everlywell At-Home STD Test

Everlywell At-Home STD Tests

While you should be able to get screened for sexually transmitted infections during your regular doctor visits, getting home testing is now a viable option. “It’s better to do an at-home test than no test at all,” Dweck says. Make sure the test also includes some kind of counseling along with your results, she says.

Everlywell provides telehealth visits when results are positive or abnormal in this screening test for chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis C (HCV), syphilis, and trichomoniasis. Through Everlywell, you can also get the OraQuick At-Home HIV Test Kit, an oral swab for HIV-related antibodies that gives results in 20 minutes and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This is just a preliminary test, however, and you’ll definitely need to do a follow-up for confirmation.

About 70 percent of people with vulvas get yeast infections in their lifetimes. To prevent these infections, it helps to start by recognizing when your symptoms occur. Then you can figure out what might be triggering them, such as antibiotic use, wearing tight-fitting clothing, or using a soap with artificial fragrance.

Fortunately, most yeast infections go away quickly with use of over-the-counter medication such as Monistat, which contains miconazole nitrate.

 It’s available in one-day, three-day, and seven-day forms as ovules, suppositories, or prefilled cream applicators.

Masturbation and Vibrators

All of the experts I spoke to for this article recommended masturbation as a practice. “It is really essential to maintain your sexual health,” Hall says.

Masturbating helps you know how to orgasm with or without a partner. Beyond that, using a vibrator is now considered helpful for easing pelvic floor issues, alleviating pain, and improving mood and sleep, especially for those in perimenopause or menopause.

“The pelvis is surrounded by muscles, just like all of the musculoskeletal system in your body,” says Hall. “All of those muscles need to be maintained and kept strong. When they get weak, you can start having issues with your sexual health.”

If you’re new to buying a vibrator or you haven’t shopped for one in a while, you may wonder how to choose from the myriad options available now. “Most shops will have beginner-friendly sections. The idea here is knowing what it is that you want to feel stimulated by,” says Hall.

Not every person likes the same kind of stimulation, which is why there's so much variety in vibrators now. Womanizer’s claim to fame is providing a form of clitoral stimulation that uses air instead of touch. The DUO 2 combines that with two different-sized stimulation head attachments, a G-spot stimulator, 14 vibration levels, and 10 vibration patterns. It’s made with waterproof, body-safe silicone.

G-Spot Vibrator by Dame

Dame Arc G-Spot Vibrator

A curved vibrator like this can be used as both a clitoral stimulator and a penetrative G-spot vibrator, which is great if you like to alternate or aren’t sure of your preference. It has five levels of vibration, though some users say it’s gentle even at the highest setting. It’s waterproof, made with medical-grade silicone, and it recharges with a USB-C cord.

“Vibrators and massage devices, from a medical standpoint, are fantastic, because they enhance blood flow — just like any massage, anywhere on sore muscles, might enhance blood flow,” Dweck says.

Grines often recommends that beginners try vibrators from this Japanese brand. The products so aesthetically pleasing and discreet that you could almost leave one out on a table, and no one would know what it is. This bath-friendly clitoral stimulator is made from body-safe silicone, and it takes a single AAA battery. It’s designed to carry with you; just be sure not to keep it in a place where you actually mistake it for your lipstick in public.

Lube and Moisturizer

Vaginal dryness can happen at any time in your life, as it fluctuates with your level of estrogen. And needing to use lubricant isn’t a sign that you’re having sex wrong, Grines says. “Some bodies take longer to warm up, and normalizing the ability to use something that gets you and your partner on the same page at the same time and makes sex feel better is huge,” she says.

Vaginal dryness is a more-significant problem for postpartum and lactating mothers, as well as for those in perimenopause, menopause, or postmenopause, Dweck says.

 “It can cause a lot of pain during sex; some people will describe it as sandpaper sex or razors,” she says. Dweck recommends using moisturizers a couple of times a week and lubricants “on demand during sex.” Prescription estrogen creams are also considered safe and effective. Using them can help with other symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), such as pain during sex and frequent UTIs.

good clean love lubricant

Good Clean Love Almost Naked Organic Personal Lubricant

Good Clean Love is one of Grines’s favorite brands of lube. “I really do believe in who they are and what they market,” she says. This pH-balanced, water-based lube has moisturizing organic aloe vera and no potentially irritating glycerin, parabens, or petrochemicals. It’s safe to use with condoms and toys. Water-based lubes are good for sensitive skin, clean up easily, and are most compatible with silicone sex toys. But they do evaporate quickly.

Howard recommends pjur’s water-based lubes to use with silicone toys. But if you won’t be using toys, this silicone version is a good one to try. It’s compatible with condoms and it doesn’t contain preservatives. Silicone lubes last longer without evaporating or getting sticky. They can break down other silicone materials, though, and some people also have adverse reactions to them.
sutil vibes BALM  Intimate Moisturizer

SUTIL BALM+ Intimate Moisturizer

Grines is a big fan of products from this Canadian company, which makes personal moisturizers and lubricants of varying viscosities. BALM+ contains hyaluronic acid, oat beta-glucan, perilla extract, and ectoin that hydrate and protect your skin barrier. You can apply it to your vulva and perineal area every day for comfort or use it a few hours before getting intimate. It’s also safe to use with condoms and toys.
bonafide moisturizer

Bonafide Revaree Vaginal Dryness Moisturizer

Full disclosure: Dweck is the chief medical officer of Bonafide Health, and in the interest of journalism, she steered clear of directly recommending her company’s products. But we’re doing it now because this one in particular is worth mentioning. It’s a hormone-free suppository that you can use at bedtime every two to three nights, and it comes in 5-mg or 10-mg doses of hyaluronic acid. Studies have shown that nonhormonal moisturizers like this can be as effective as hormone creams for some women’s GSM symptoms.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) isn’t a one-size-fits-all pill that you can pop to resolve all your perimenopause symptoms, we’re sad to say. Four different hormones are involved here: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and DHEA. “You’ll have to continue to get your blood work checked and make sure that you are using the right amount of hormones for you,” Hall says. “And every woman is different. 
Every woman’s symptoms are different.”

“Advocate for yourself by keeping a journal and tracking your symptoms,” says Heather Hirsch, MD, the New York City–based founder and CEO of The Collaborative, a concierge telemedicine practice for women navigating perimenopause and menopause. If you don’t feel like your regular ob-gyn is equipped to prescribe HRT to you, “turn to resources like The Menopause Society for more information on certified clinicians,” she says.

You can also read our guide to the best online HRT services. These sites will coordinate testing, virtual clinician visits, and prescriptions, and they’re often covered by insurance.

If you decide to go the telehealth route for hormone therapy, but you want as much contact as possible with a clinician, Midi might be a good option for you. You’ll meet with a healthcare professional for a half-hour initial visit. Then you’ll be able to book 15-minute follow-ups and exchange unlimited messaging with them.

Professions on the platform treat perimenopause and menopause, aid in weight management, and help manage other health concerns for cisgender women. These visits are covered by many insurance plans. Without insurance, the first visit is $250 and follow-ups are $150 (medicines and lab work not included).

winona logo

Winona

Winona is another platform that offers convenient perimenopause and menopause treatments prescribed via telehealth visits. These are conducted solely via messaging on a portal, not video. There’s no charge for visits, but you’ll have to pay for the medications out of pocket, as no insurance is accepted.

The brand sells its own bioidentical hormone medications in tablet, cream, patch, and capsule forms. It also sells DHEA — a hormone that promotes the production of estrogen and testosterone — as well as other medications and supplements. Plus, it has an active message board, live Q&A sessions with doctors, and opportunities to meet in person with other community members.

Sex and Couples Therapy

“I could throw every hormone in the book and every drug in the book meant for sexual function, but if someone doesn’t like their partner, their libido may not be that great, because they’re just constantly dealing with that,” Dweck says. “And so that’s something that I always count on my mental health colleagues to help out with, because sometimes it can be helped and sometimes not so much.”

Licensed sex therapists like Howard and Grines help people work through the many possible causes of issues, like low libido or mismatched libido. A lot of that begins with just understanding how their bodies work and what makes them excited. “Most women have responsive desire — they take longer to be aroused,” Grines says.
 ”Wanting less sex than your partner is something that is also super-typical, and I think that a big part of my work is just normalizing that there are variations in how humans experience sexuality.”

Talkspace

Talkspace

Whether you’re looking for couples therapy or individual therapy, Talkspace can connect you with a professional to help identify underlying issues that may be impacting your sexual pleasure. It’s extremely affordable, even without insurance (starting at $109 a week for couples therapy). Plus, you have the option of messaging your therapist when you can’t schedule a virtual visit. Just note that sessions are only 30 minutes, which may feel short for those used to more-traditional 45-minute sessions.

It may be intimidating to reveal the most troubling aspects of your sex life to a stranger, but a trained professional will know how to make you more comfortable. “There’s a whole process to getting people to open up about sex,” Howard says. “We are able to help them to loosen up when it’s time to start talking about it. And it also allows them the space to say, ‘No, I’m not ready to talk about that yet.’”

Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy

“If you’re experiencing things like incontinence, painful sex, decreased vaginal sensitivity, and dryness, or if you’re having prolapse, these things can be treated in pelvic floor physical therapy,” Hall says.

 Vaginal prolapse is when the muscles of the pelvis weaken so much that organs begin to drop into the vaginal canal, causing issues with the bladder and pain during sex.

Pelvic floor therapy isn’t something you should try to treat on your own. While you might assume that doing pelvic floor strengthening exercises like Kegels is the solution, you may actually have the opposite issue: muscles that are too tight. Instead, a physical therapist may suggest other types of exercises. They may also try acoustic wave therapy, which Hall uses to increase blood flow to the affected area.

Perifit Care

Perifit Care+ Smart Kegel Exerciser

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends doing Kegel exercises to strengthen your pelvic floor if you have a prolapse.

 The Perifit Care+ can help ensure you do them consistently. While it may look like a sex toy, it’s a small, insertable device that measures the strength of your contractions and the length of your exercise sessions in order to track your progress. You can also use your exercises to play games on the app.

But again, you shouldn’t use a device like this if tight muscles are the cause of your discomfort. So you may want to see a doctor or a physical therapist before making a purchase.

Things to Avoid

Unfortunately, some bad actors are out there trying to sell products to women that will ultimately do them more harm than good. In general, if a company is trying to sell you something that sounds too good to be true, do some extra research on it and talk with your doctor. Some things on our experts’ No lists:

  • Numbing Cream “It masks pain instead of solving an issue. And it can hide signals that your body’s trying to send you. And you can create so many problems, from fissures to tears,” Howard says.
  • Sex Toys Made From Porous or Subpar Materials Body-safe or medical-grade silicone, glass, and stainless steel are easy to clean and won’t harbor bacteria, Howard says. Skip anything else.
  • Vagina-Tightening Products “We don’t need a tight vagina; a tight vagina means that something is not going well with our pelvic floor,” Howard says.

FAQs

What’s the best way to clean sex toys?
Clean any sex toy before and after each use with either mild soap and water, or with a cleaner specifically designed for sex toys, Howard says. Read the manufacturer’s instructions and avoid any harsh chemical cleaners. “Dry them completely before putting them back into their storage, because you know what happens if moisture is trapped on something that’s in a bag,” she says. “Try to store them separately and not just all together in one bag — specifically silicone, because the materials can break down.”

A number of physical and mental factors can cause a low libido, Dweck says. Low testosterone may be a factor, as might the discomfort and dryness brought on by low estrogen levels. Other health issues, such as heart conditions or cancer, could be underlying causes of sexual issues. But it could also be due to “the social stuff: financial stress, work stress, too many responsibilities, taking care of older parents,” Dweck says.

You don’t have to guess about the reasons on your own. “Women should turn to their physicians when they are having pain during intercourse or feel like they have a change in their sexual desire or low libido,” Dr. Hirsch says. “Your clinician should be part of that conversation.”

The experts I spoke to would like to ban the words “feminine hygiene” from our vocabulary, or at least from retailers’ shelves and websites. Avoid using douches, fragrance-containing products, and anything with endocrine-disrupting preservatives, Dweck says. All you need to stay clean down there is mild soap and water on your vulva. Your vaginal canal will clean itself and maintain its own healthy microbiome.

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Sabrina Rojas Weiss

Sabrina Rojas Weiss

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Sabrina Rojas Weiss has been a writer and editor for more than 25 years, 12 of which she's spent in the health and parenting space. Her work has appeared in Parents, Verywell, Yaho...

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Kara Smythe, MD

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Kara Smythe, MD, has been working in sexual and reproductive health for over 10 years. Dr. Smythe is a board-certified fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecolog...

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EDITORIAL SOURCES
Everyday Health follows strict sourcing guidelines to ensure the accuracy of its content, outlined in our editorial policy. We use only trustworthy sources, including peer-reviewed studies, board-certified medical experts, patients with lived experience, and information from top institutions.
Resources
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  8. Buzzaccarini G et al. Hyaluronic acid in vulvar and vaginal administration: evidence from a literature systematic review. Climacteric. March 24, 2021.
  9. Mercier J et al. Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: why, how and when? Climacteric: The Journal of the International Menopause Society. August 2023.
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Additional Sources